The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2009 was awarded for the discovery of the molecular structure of the ribosome to three extraordinary scientists, Ada Yonath, (Weitzmann Institute, Israel), Tom Steitz (Yale University) , and Venki Ramakrishnan (MRC Laboratory, Cambridge, UK). The ribosome is a complex molecular machine that is responsible for the synthesis of all proteins.

An X-ray structure of a bacterium ribosome.